Smoking v vaping infographic12/15/2023 ![]() This increase in relevant research is consistent with the increased use of ENDS products over the past decade and rising public concern over their potential health impacts. The term “vaping” produced 1,108 publications in 2020. Publications containing the term “e-cigarette” have increased the greatest, peaking at 1,193 publications in 2020. A PubMed database search shows a dramatic increase in the number of publications containing the words “vaping” or “e-cigarette” over the past decade ( Figure 1). Concurrently, research on ENDS use has increased rapidly since 2010. To help combat EVALI, some states with legal cannabis markets have established, or are considering, laws to limit the use of additives in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing vaping products ( B. Regulatory agencies at the local, state, and national levels have issued restrictions on the sale of certain types of vaping products, aimed at reducing the prevalence of teen smoking and access to ENDS products ( Baker & Campbell, 2020 CDC, 2016). The recent surge in EVALI cases has prompted federal and local health organizations to issue health advisories aimed at curbing both the youth vaping epidemic and the number of EVALI cases ( NIDA, 2020). ![]() Regulators walk a tight rope juggling the potential health benefit of these devices for adult smokers trying to quit, reducing the appeal and addictive potential for youth, and limiting the assumed culprit for EVALI cases. Intertwined among these is the assumed safety of using ENDS compared to traditional combustible cigarettes. Two distinct yet related epidemics are currently facing the nation: the outbreak of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and the increased use of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) devices in young people ( CDC, 2016 Fedt, Bhattarai, & Oelstrom, 2020 B. With the rapid growth of ENDS use, consumers and regulatory bodies need a better understanding of constituent-dependent toxicity to guide product use and regulatory decisions. We conclude that since much of the research in this area is recent and vaping technologies are dynamic, our understanding of the health effects is insufficient. We review the health effects from epidemiological and laboratory studies and, finally, discuss the proposed mechanisms underlying some of these health effects. ![]() We examine the complex chemistry of vape carrier solvents, flavoring chemicals, and transformation products. In this review, we discuss the various vaping technologies, which are remarkably diverse, and summarize the use prevalence in the U.S. Over the past decade, the vaping market has increased exponentially, raising health concerns over the number of people exposed and a nationwide outbreak of cases of severe, sometimes fatal, lung dysfunction that arose suddenly in otherwise healthy individuals. Similar electronic devices can be used to vape cannabis extracts. When the device contains nicotine, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lists the product as an electronic nicotine delivery system or ENDS device. Vaping is the process of inhaling and exhaling an aerosol produced by an e-cigarette, vape pen, or personal aerosolizer.
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